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研究称音乐培训可延缓衰老

　　Agrowingbodyofresearchfindsmusicaltraininggivesstudentslearningadvantagesintheclassroom.NowaNorthwesternUniversitystudyfindsmusicaltrainingcanbenefitGrandma,too,byoffsettingsomeofthedeleterious（有害的，产生危害的）effectsofaging."Lifelongmusicaltrainingappearstoconferadvantagesinatleasttwoimportantfunctionsknowntodeclinewithage--memoryandtheabilitytohearspeechinnoise,"saysNinaKraus,directoroftheAuditoryNeuroscienceLaboratoryandco-authorofthestudyintheMay11issueoftheonlinesciencejournalPLoSOne.Co-writtenbyNorthwesternresearchersAlexandraParbery-Clark,DanaStrait,SamiraAnderson,EmilyHittnerandKraus,"MusicalExperienceandtheAgingAuditorySystem"findsthat--whencomparedtotheirnon-musiciancounterparts--musicians45-to65-years-oldexcelinauditorymemoryandtheabilitytohearspeechinnoisyenvironments.
　　
　　"Difficultyhearingspeechinnoiseisamongthemostcommoncomplaintsofolderadults,butage-relatedhearinglossonlypartiallyaccountsforthisimpediment（妨害，阻碍）thatcanleadtosocialisolationanddepression,"saysKraus."It'swellknownthatadultswithvirtuallythesamehearingprofilecandifferdramaticallyintheirabilitytohearspeechinnoise."Tofindoutwhy,theresearchersinKraus'AuditoryNeuroscienceLaboratoryinNorthwestern'sSchoolofCommunicationtested18musiciansand19non-musiciansaged45to65forspeechinnoise,auditoryworkingmemory,visualworkingmemoryandauditorytemporalprocessing.Themusicians–whobeganplayinganinstrumentatage9orearlierandconsistentlyplayedaninstrumentthroughouttheirlives–bestedthenon-musiciangroupinallbutvisualworkingmemory,wherebothgroupsshowednearlyidenticalability.Theexperienceofextractingmeaningfulsoundsfromacomplexsoundscape--andofrememberingsoundsequences–enhancesthedevelopmentofauditoryskills,saysKraus,HughKnowlesChairinCommunicationSciences."Theneuralenhancementsweseeinmusically-trainedindividualsarenotjustanamplifyingor'volumeknob'effect,"saysKraus,whoalsoisprofessorofneurobiology（神经生物学）andphysiologyintheWeinbergCollegeofArtsandSciences."Playingmusicengagestheirabilitytoextractrelevantpatterns,includingthesoundoftheirowninstrument,harmoniesandrhythms."Musictraining"fine-tunes"thenervoussystem,accordingtoKraus,alongtimeadvocateofmusicintheK-12curriculum."Soundisthestockintradeofthemusicianinmuchthesamewaythatapainterofportraitsiskeenlyattunedtothevisualattributesofthepaintthatwillconveyhisorhersubject,"Kraussays.
　　
　　"Ifthematerialsthatyouworkwitharesound,thenitisreasonabletosupposethatallofyourfacultiesinvolvedwithtakingitin,holdingitinmemoryandrelatingphysicallytoitshouldbesharpened,"Krausadds."Musicexperiencebolsters（支撑，援助）theelementsthatcombatage-relatedcommunicationproblems."
　　
　　
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